Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013 – International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE)

E0224031513

IJESE Journal — Wed, 15 Sep 2021 03:14:53 +0000

The International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE) is an open-access, peer-reviewed, monthly international journal with an ISSN 2319-6378 (online). It is published by the Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) periodically in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December since 2012.
The International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE) aspires to circulate top-notch, peer-reviewed original articles in Engineering and Technology, shrouding Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and all related interdisciplinary associates.

Design & Simulation of CMOS Inverter at Nanoscale beyond 22nm
Adil Zaidi¹, Kapil Garg², Ankit Verma³, Ashish Raheja⁴
¹Adil Zaidi Electronics & Communication, CET-IILM-AHL, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
²Kapil Garg, Electronics & Communication, CET-IILM-AHL, Greater Noida,, Uttar Pradesh, India.
³Ankit Verma, Electronics & Communication, CET-IILM-AHL, Greater Noida,, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁴Ashish Raheja, Electronics & Communication, CET-IILM-AHL, Greater Noida,, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Manuscript received on March 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript Received on March 12, 2013. | Manuscript published on March 25, 2013. | PP: 83-87 | Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013. | Retrieval Number: E0220031513/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Power and area are the two major concerns in design of any digital circuit. At present scenario low power device design and its implementation have got a significant role in the field of nano electronics. This paper investigates the applications of CMOS technology in the nanometer regime beyond 22 nm channel length where the relative study of average power dissipation of CMOS inverter is found in nano Watts. The simulation results are taken at different channel length (16nm 22nm, 32nm, 45nm) using CMOS technology with the help of (H-spice) simulation tool. The results are analyzed at different supply voltages keeping constant load capacitance (C load =1fF) apart from this, values of various internal parameters of CMOS Inverter at different channel length are calculated.
Keywords: Nano-electronics, UDSM (Ultra Deep Sub-Micron) Technology, CMOS, and Scaling.

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E0220031513

IJESE Journal — Tue, 14 Sep 2021 12:30:13 +0000

Intelligent Wireless Communication System of Cognitive Radio
G S Ajay Kumar Reddy¹, U Ganga Raju², P Aravind³, D Sushma⁴
¹G S Ajay Kumar Reddy, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy Autonomous Engineering College,Mylavaram– 521 230, Krishna, A.P., India.
²U Ganga Raju, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy Autonomous Engineering College,Mylavaram– 521 230, Krishna, A.P., India.
³P Aravind, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy Autonomous Engineering College,Mylavaram– 521 230, Krishna, A.P., India.
⁴D Sushma, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy Autonomous Engineering College,Mylavaram– 521 230, Krishna, A.P., India
Manuscript received on March 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript Received on March 12, 2013. | Manuscript published on March 25, 2013. | PP: 78-82 | Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013. | Retrieval Number: E0220031513/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Radio spectrum has become the most valuable resource of the modern era due to the advancements of wireless technologies. With modern wireless systems, providers aim at offering a wide variety of applications with high data rates. It is often overlooked that as high performance wireless data services are widely deployed, the lack of additional spectrum is becoming a serious issue. Cognitive Radios are the probable solution to the current low usage of the radio spectrum. It is viewed as a novel approach for improving the utilization of the EM spectrum. The Cognitive Radio (CR) is defined as an intelligent wireless communication system that is aware of its environment and uses the methodology of understanding-by-building to learn from the environment and adapt to statistical variations in the stimuli with highly reliable communication whenever and wherever needed and efficient utilization of the radio spectrum. It is the key wireless technology that will enable a more flexible, reliable, and efficient spectrum sharing scheme.
Keywords: The Cognitive Radio (CR) is defined as an intelligent wireless communication system that is aware of its environment

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E0204031513

IJESE Journal — Tue, 14 Sep 2021 12:24:58 +0000

Effect of Water Absorption and Sorptivity on Durability of Pozzocrete Mortar
Rushabh A. Shah¹, Jayeshkumar Pitroda²
¹Rushabh A. Shah, Student of final year M.E. C E & M,B.V.M. Engineering College,Vallabh Vidyanagar
²Jayeshkumar Pitroda, Assistant Professor & Research Scholar, Civil Engg Department, B.V.M. Engg.College, Vallabh Vidhyanagar-Gujarat-India
Manuscript received on March 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript Received on March 12, 2013. | Manuscript published on March 25, 2013. | PP: 73-77 | Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013. | Retrieval Number: E0204031513/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: After evaporation of excess water in the mortar, voids inside the mortar creates capillaries which are directly related to porosity and permeability of the mortar. Proper selection of ingredients, adequate mix proportioning & followed by good construction practices lead to almost impervious mortar. Due to incomplete compaction; mortar may consists gel pores & capillary pores, which leads to low strength of mortar. Due to problems associated with the absorption test and permeability test; which are measuring the response of mortar to pressure which is rarely the driving force of fluids entering in to mortar; hence there is a need for another type of test. Such tests should measure the rate of absorption of water by capillary suction; “sorptivity” of unsaturated mortar. In this paper, an attempt is made to study sorptivity and water absorption properties of Pozzocrete mortar. The mix design was carried out for 1:3 proportion cement mortar on the basis of IS 269:1970.
Keywords: Capillary suction,sorptivity, water absorption, Pozzocrete, mortar

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E0235031513

IJESE Journal — Tue, 14 Sep 2021 12:20:20 +0000

Characterization of Electromyography Signals of the Forearm Muscles from Pen-Tip Coordinates, using RELS Algorithm
Ines Chihi¹, Afef Abdelkrim², Mohamed Benrejeb³
¹Dr. Ines CHIHI, Laboratoire de Recherche en Automatique ”LA.R.A”, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, BP 37, Le Belvédère 1002 Tunis, Tunisie.
²Prof. Afef ABDELKRIM, Laboratoire de Recherche en Automatique ”LA.R.A”, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, BP 37, Le Belvédère 1002 Tunis, Tunisie.
³Prof. Mohamed BENREJEB, Laboratoire de Recherche en Automatique ”LA.R.A”, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, BP 37, Le Belvédère 1002 Tunis, Tunisie.
Manuscript received on March 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript Received on March 12, 2013. | Manuscript published on March 25, 2013. | PP: 20-22 | Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013. | Retrieval Number: E0235031513/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Used in several domains (biotechnology engineering, medical diagnosis, etc.), the reconstitution of ElectroMyoGraphic signals (EMG) is the main contribution of this paper. We propose a linear mathematical structure to generate Integrated ElectroMyoGraphic signals IEMG of the forearm muscles from the coordinates of handwritten traces. The identification of this structure is based on Recursive Extended Least Square algorithm (RELS).
Keywords: Coordinates of handwritten traces, Extended Least Square algorithm, forearm muscles, Integrated Electro Myo Graphic signals.

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E0234031513

IJESE Journal — Tue, 14 Sep 2021 12:15:14 +0000

An FPGA-Based Real-Time Face Detection & Recognition System across Illumination
K. Veeramanikandan¹, R.Ezhilarasi², R. Brindha³
¹K. Veeramanikandan, Department of CSE, V.R.S. College of Engineering & Technology,Villupuram,Tamil Nadu,India.
²R.Ezhilarasi, Department of CSE, V.R.S. College of Engineering & Technology, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu,India.
³R.Brindha,Department of CSE, V.R.S. College of Engineering & Technology, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu,India.
Manuscript received on March 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript Received on March 12, 2013. | Manuscript published on March 25, 2013. | PP: 66-68 | Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013. | Retrieval Number: E0234031513/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Automated face recognition is an interesting computer vision problem with many commercial and law enforcement applications. Mug shot matching, user verification and user access control, crowd surveillance, enhanced human computer interaction all become possible if an effective face recognition system can be implemented. This paper presents a complete real-time face recognition system consisting of face detection, recognition and a down sampling module using an FPGA. The focus is on subspace techniques, investigating the use of image Pre-processing applied as a preliminary step in order to reduce error rates. Our method is simple and fast, which makes it useful for real-time applications, embedded systems, or mobile devices with limited resources.
Keywords: Ada Boost, Face recognition, face detection, Mug shot matching.

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E0231031513

IJESE Journal — Tue, 14 Sep 2021 12:09:25 +0000

Techno-Commercial Aspects of Superconducting Transformers – A Case Study
B. Dheeraj Reddy¹, K. Dinesh Kumar², R. Sudha³
¹B. Dheeraj Reddy, School of Electrical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India.
²K. Dinesh Kumar, School of Electrical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India.
³R. Sudha, School of Electrical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India
Manuscript received on March 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript Received on March 12, 2013. | Manuscript published on March 25, 2013. | PP: 62-65 | Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013. | Retrieval Number: E0231031513/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: On invention of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS), there is a widespread talk that superconducting transformers can now be used extensively. But there are problems like lack of a suitable superconductor, cryogenic coolers and behavior of these transformers on faults and starting transients. This paper describes the problems with superconducting technology. A comparative study has been done with a conventional distribution transformer (DTR) and the outcome is tabulated. The results show, that superconducting transformers can give an additional efficiency of 0.3 to 0.5% at double the cost of conventional transformer with an unacceptable payback period. Hence HTS Transformers are used where they are essential and viable. A final purpose of this paper is given to create a method of analysis that allows others to conduct quantitative or optimised modelling about the future HTS transformers.
Keywords: Distribution Transformer (DTR), Fault Current Limiter (FCL), Superconductor, Superconducting Transformers (SCT), High Temperature Superconductivity (HTS).

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E0229031513

IJESE Journal — Tue, 14 Sep 2021 12:02:47 +0000

Design of Low Power Phase Frequency Detectors for Delay Locked Loop
Raj Nandini¹, Himadri Singh Raghav², B.P.Singh³
¹Raj Nandini, ECE Department, Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Sikar, India.
²Himadri Singh Raghav ECE Department, Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Sikar, India .
³Prof.B.P.Singh ECE Department, Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Sikar, India
Manuscript received on March 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript Received on March 12, 2013. | Manuscript published on March 25, 2013. | PP: 59-61 | Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013. | Retrieval Number: E0229031513/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: A simple new Phase Frequency Detector design is presented in this paper. The PFD which helps Delay Locked Loop (DLL) to achieve simultaneous phase and frequency error detection is an indispensable block and plays an important role in improving the performance of the whole DLL system. Both conventional and improved PFDs are implemented using tanner 0.18 μm CMOS Process. The layouts are also designed using Tanner Tool. The maximum frequency of operation is 1 GHz when operating at 1.8V voltage supply. It can be used in DLL for high speed and low power consumption applications.
Keywords: CMOS Integrated Circuits, Delay Locked Loop, Phase Frequency Detector, Tanner

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E0227031513

IJESE Journal — Tue, 14 Sep 2021 11:56:32 +0000

A Survey on Annotation using Natural Language Vocabulary in CBIR
Gurdeep Kaur¹, Gaganpreet Kaur², Sushil Garg³
¹Gurdeep Kaur, CSE, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, India.
²Gaganpreet Kaur, CSE,RimtEngg College, Mandi Gobindgarh, India.
³Sushil Garg, HODCSE, Rimt Engg College, Mandi Gobindgarh, India.
Manuscript received on March 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript Received on March 12, 2013. | Manuscript published on March 25, 2013. | PP: 56-58 | Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013. | Retrieval Number: E0227031513/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Efforts to reduce semantic gaps in CBIR is an ongoing process, numerous models have been proposed to reduce this gap, each one of these models has some advantages and some limitations. Increase in the volume of multimedia repository has further complicated the design and development of an appropriate model which can help in eliminating the semantic gap [3]. This paper examines the problems that may arise as a result of semantic gap, various models which are presently available for reducing the semantic gap [3].
Keywords: Fast Image Searching in Huge databases (FISH), fuzzydataset, Fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM), manualannotation, region of interest,semantic.

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E0221031513

IJESE Journal — Tue, 14 Sep 2021 11:49:13 +0000

Methodology of Cloud Computing
Konijeti Meghana¹, Y. Madhavi Latha², V. Samson Deva Kumar³, Suresh Angadi⁴
¹I am persuing my B.tech(IV/IV) in department of electronics and computers at KL University.
²Y. Madhavi Latha is presently working as sst.professor in department of electronics and computers at KL University
³V.samson deva kumar is the Project Manager in SOUTHCENTRALRAILWAY WWO at S/w training and development center in vijayawada region.
⁴Suresh Angadi is presently working as Asst.professor in department of electronics and communications at KL University. He received his B.Tech degree in electronics and communication in G.V.P College of Engineering, vizag. 2007 And completed M.Tech in Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MACT) in 2009, Bhopal. He has published SEVEN international journals of repute
Manuscript received on March 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript Received on March 12, 2013. | Manuscript published on March 25, 2013. | PP: 53-55 | Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013. | Retrieval Number: E0221031513/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: ‘Cloud’-computing is a very popular term in this modern and computer world in IT solution which is provided as a service over the web instead of customer owing and buying the solution. It is a large group of interrelation of computers. Over a decade of research it achieves in virtualization, distributed computing, utility computing and networking. It creates service oriented architecture by providing software and platforms as services. It reduced information technology for end –user on demand services and many of the other things related to it. Technologies such as cluster, grid and Cloud computing has all aimed for providing access to large number of computer in a virtualized manner such as invisible , by collecting resources and offering single system viewing and more over in addition to that one of the main aim of these technologies is Delivering computing as a Utility. These describes a business model while consumers pay provides based on usage and it is same to as the way in which we presently obtain services from the community utility services such as Water, Electricity and telephony
Keywords: Cloud-computing, Security, Privacy, Commentary

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E0219031513

IJESE Journal — Tue, 14 Sep 2021 11:42:54 +0000

Data Dissemination Model for IP cloud through Wireless Sensor Network
Neha P. Sathe¹, Vivek S.Deshpande²
¹Neha Prasad Sathe, Department of Information Technology, Pune University ,MIT College of Engineering, Pune, India.
²Vivek Deshpande, Department of Information Technology, Pune University ,MIT College of Engineering, Pune, India.
Manuscript received on March 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript Received on March 12, 2013. | Manuscript published on March 25, 2013. | PP: 49-52 | Volume-1 Issue-5, March 2013. | Retrieval Number: E0219031513/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Different techniques are used to make data available from WSN through Internet, like Embedded Gateway, 6LowPAN technique etc. for the utilization. The user at any location can access the information using such techniques of WSN and IP connectivity. The sensor device is small and has low computation power and memory thus perceived as not suitable to be loaded with the high resource IP capabilities directly, which presents a significant challenge to establish such interconnection. In this paper the data dissemination model is proposed, which is having capability to provide a data from WSN in IP network compatible format. The proposed model utilizes MSP430 Microcontroller along with ZigBee module to represent the wireless sensing nodes. Embedded Gateway used will be regular computer but termed to be the embedded due to its minimum expected specific functionality requirement. Collected data is required to be preserved and made continuously available to satisfy the need of user at any time, it will be stored along with the time stamps on the developed Web page
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, LoWPAN, MSP430, ZigBee Module, Embedded Gateway.

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