A Comprehensive Review of Temperature Monitoring and Cold-Chain Integrity Across IoT in Vaccine Storage
Yashwanth L1, Ritika S Ghattad2, Sinchana Chetan3, Sneha S Shrigiri4, Narendra Kumar S5
1BYashwanth L, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, RV College of Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru (Karnataka), India.
2Ritika S Ghattad, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, RV College of Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru (Karnataka), India.
3Sinchana Chetan, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, RV College of Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru (Karnataka), India.
4Sneha S Shrigiri, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, RV College of Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru (Karnataka), India.
5Dr. Narendra Kumar S, Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru (Karnataka), India.
Manuscript received on 09 January 2026 | First Revised Manuscript received on 31 January 2026 | Second Revised Manuscript received on 08 February 2026 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 February 2026 | Manuscript published on 28 February 2026 | PP: 10-14 | Volume-14 Issue-3, February 2026 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijese.C263914030226 | DOI: 10.35940/ijese.C2639.14030226
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Cold chain monitoring is a system that uses technology to monitor and maintain the temperature required for the storage and preservation of temperature-sensitive goods such as food and medicines. This paper summaries the effects and relation between vaccines and temperature and discuss the wide range of technologies used in the implementation of cold chain monitoring. While vaccines require temperatures between 2°C and 8°C to remain potent, maintaining this temperature throughout the vaccine supply chain is challenging. Technologies such as digital data loggers (DDLs), calibrated thermometers, and wireless sensors are used to monitor temperature by obtaining real-time readings and implementing corrective responses when temperatures exceed the optimal range. Therefore, fluctuations in the measured temperature relative to the optimal temperature directly affect the vaccine and its effectiveness.
Keywords: Temperature Monitoring, IoT, Thermal Anomaly Detection, Cold Chain, Machine Learning, Vaccine, Wireless Sensors, Temperature Stability
Scope of the Article: Industrial Engineering