Volume-1 Issue-8, May 2013 – International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE)

H0353061813

IJESE Journal — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 05:31:42 +0000

The International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE) is an open-access, peer-reviewed, monthly international journal with an ISSN 2319-6378 (online). It is published by the Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) periodically in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December since 2012.
The International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE) aspires to circulate top-notch, peer-reviewed original articles in Engineering and Technology, shrouding Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and all related interdisciplinary associates.

A Comparative Performance Analysis of AODV, DSR and TORA Routing Protocols in MANETs
Davesh Singh Som¹, Parma Nand Astya², Ankur garg³
¹Davesh Singh Som, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut(Uttar Pradesh), India.
²Dr. Parma Nand Astya, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Galgotia University, Grater Noida, India.
³Ankur Garg, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut(Uttar Pradesh), India
Manuscript received on June 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on June 15, 2013. | Manuscript published on June 25, 2013. | PP: 83-87 | Volume-1 Issue-8, June 2013. | Retrieval Number: H0353061813/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of autonomous mobile nodes that communicate with each other over wireless links. It is seen that mobile ad hoc networks will be an integral part of next generation networks because of its flexibility, infrastructure less nature, ease of maintenance, auto configuration, self administration capabilities, and costs effectiveness. MANETs can operate without fixed infrastructure and can survive rapid changes in the network topology. They can be studied formally as graphs in which the set of edges varies in time. The main method for evaluating the performance of MANETs is simulation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare three well know protocols AODV, DSR and TORA by using two performance metrics packet delivery fraction and end to end delay by varying the number of nodes and pause time with identical environment conditions. The comparison has been done by using simulation tool NS2 which is the main simulator, NAM (Network Animator) and excel graph which is used for preparing the graphs from the trace files.
Keywords: MANET, AODV, DSR, TORA

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H0364061813

IJESE Journal — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 05:28:21 +0000

Hybrid Approach for Transliteration of Odia Named Entity to English
Suprava Das¹, Rakesh Ch. Balabantaray²
¹Suprava Das, CSE Department, International Institute of information technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
²Rakesh ch. Balabantaray, CSE Department, International Institute of information technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
Manuscript received on June 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on June 15, 2013. | Manuscript published on June 25, 2013. | PP: 78-82 | Volume-1 Issue-8, June 2013. | Retrieval Number: H0364061813/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Transliteration of NAMED ENTITIES plays an important role for cross language information retrieval processes. This paper shows the design of a hybrid (rule based + fuzzy based) transliteration system for named entities of person, location, organizations written in Odia script to English (Roman Script). For this purpose, we have also created a database of specialized spelling i.e. location names, organization names…etc. which helped for performance improvement with accuracy 87%.
Keywords: Transliteration, Odia named entity, hybrid approach

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H0363061813

IJESE Journal — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 05:24:58 +0000

Implementation of Secure Authentication Scheme for Mobile Device
Priti Jadhao¹, Lalit Dole²
¹Priti Jadhao, CSE DEPT, G.H.Raisoni college of engg., Nagpur, India.
²Lalit Dole, CSE DEPT, G.H.Raisoni college of engg., Nagpur, India.
Manuscript received on June 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on June 15, 2013. | Manuscript published on June 25, 2013. | PP: 76-78 | Volume-1 Issue-8, June 2013. | Retrieval Number: H0363061813/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Authentication is a fundamental aspect of system security. It confirms the identity of any user trying to log on to a domain or access network resources. Due to the numerous advantages of authentication systems, it can be used in various applications. The common application involving authentication is, a computer program using a blind credential to authenticate to another program, Using a confirmation E-mail to verify ownership of an e-mail address, using an internet banking system, Withdrawing cash from an ATM .The main purpose of these systems is to validate the user’s right to access the system and information, and protect against identity theft and fraud.
Keywords: Image Processing, Watermarking Techniques,
Walsh code, DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform).

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H0354061813

IJESE Journal — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 05:21:36 +0000

Generalized Black Hole Attack and Comparative Solution For MANET
Shanu Singh¹, Amit Kumar Pandey², Minu Rani³
¹Ms Shanu Singh, Department Of Computer Science & Technology, Gurgaon Institute of Technology & Management, Gurgaon, India.
²Mr. Amit Kumar Pandey, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Skyline Institute Of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India.
³Ms. Minu Rani, Department Of Computer Science & Engineering, SPGITM, Rewari, India.
Manuscript received on June 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on June 15, 2013. | Manuscript published on June 25, 2013. | PP: 71-75 | Volume-1 Issue-8, June 2013. | Retrieval Number: H0354061813/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: MANET is widely used by defense and civilians for wide range of application. There are various applications in wide range of communication. It’s various routing technique makes it more flexible for various operations. Mobile Ad-Hoc network which leads to an autonomous system, where station or nodes are connected with each other through air medium links. There is no boundary conditions on the nodes to join or leave the network, therefore the overall operation is being freely. MANET topology is dynamic that can change rapidly because the nodes move freely and it can organize themselves randomly. Such a property of the nodes makes the mobile Ad-Hoc networks unpredictable from the point of view of topology and scalability . In this paper we fetch the various attacks on MANET and compare the technique to various solutions of MANET infrastructure which does not posses attacks. This paper also contains the protocol which leads to protect the MANET by attacks.
Keywords: MANET, DSDV, DRI, Cross Checking, AODV

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H0350061813

IJESE Journal — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 05:17:00 +0000

A Secure Image based Steganography and Cryptography with Watermarking
Sarita Poonia¹, Mamtesh Nokhwal², Ajay Shankar³
¹Mamtesh Nokhwal, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India.
²Sarita Rani, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India.
³Dr. Ajay Shankar, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India.
Manuscript received on June 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on June 15, 2013. | Manuscript published on June 25, 2013. | PP: 66-70 | Volume-1 Issue-8, June 2013. | Retrieval Number: H0350061813/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In this paper we uses the steganography and cryptography techniques with the watermarking so that to protect the particular information. Steganography is accomplished through hiding the information in the other information, thus by hiding the existence of the communicated information and steganography can be amplified by combining it with the cryptography and watermarking. And the cryptography is used for the security purpose. Cryptography uses two main styles or forms of encrypting data, symmetrical and asymmetrical. Watermarking technology is used for copyright protection of images, audios and videos. Watermarking process to signal modulation model. The basic idea of the proposed system is that it will allow an average user to securely transfer the text information by hiding them in a digital image file using the local characteristics within the image, which will provide a strong backbone for its security.
Keywords: Cryptography, PSNR, steganography, Water marking.

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H0356061813

IJESE Journal — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 05:13:02 +0000

Design of AXI4 Protocol Checker for SoC Integration
Veena Abraham¹, Soumen Basak², Sabi S³
¹Veena Abraham, Department of Electronic and Communication, Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Kerala.
²Soumen Basak, Chief Technology Officer, DSipher Design Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore.
³Sabi S, Department of Electronic and Communication, Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Kerala..
Manuscript received on June 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on June 15, 2013. | Manuscript published on June 25, 2013. | PP: 59-65 | Volume-1 Issue-8, June 2013. | Retrieval Number: H0356061813/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: System-on-a-Chip (SoC) design has become more and more complex because Intellectual Property (IP) core with different functions are integrated within a single chip. Each IPs have completed design and verification but the integration of all IPs may not work together. The bus-based architecture has become the major integration methodology for implementing a SoC. The main issue is to ensure that the IP works correctly after integrating to the corresponding bus architecture. Advanced extensible interface 4 (AXI4) is an on chip bus architecture introduced by ARM to interact with its peripherals. A synthesizable AXI4 protocol checker which contains a set of rules to check on-chip communication properties accuracy is proposed to ensure proper SoC integration. A prototype of AXI4 Master and AXI Slave is also designed to generate the AXI4 signals. The protocol checker will continuously monitor the signals from AXI4 Master and AXI4 Slave to check whether any rule is broken or not. The proposed AXI4 protocol checker will check both the Write Channel and Read Channel transactions. As the AXI4 checker is synthesizable it can be used in FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and Emulation where functional checks are difficult to detect and pin point. The AXI4 Master, AXI Slave and AXI4 protocol checker have been modeled using Verilog and implemented on Digilent Basys2 Spartan 3E FPGA board.
Keywords: System on a Chip, AXI4 protocol, Intellectual Property cor, Write Channel, Read channel..

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H0351061813

IJESE Journal — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 05:09:06 +0000

Design and Synthesis of Reversible Fault Tolerant Carry Skip Adder/Subtractor
Prashanth. N. G¹, Manojkumar. S. B², Balaji. B. S³, Naveena Pai G⁴, Havyas. V. B⁵
¹Prashanth.N.G, PG Student, VLSI Design and Embedded System, B.G.S. Institute of Technology, B.G.Nagar, Mandya-571448, Karnataka, India.
²Manojkumar.S.B, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B.G.S. Institute of Technology, B.G.Nagar, Mandya-571448, Karnataka, India.
³Balaji. B.S, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B.G.S. Institute of Technology, B.G. Nagar, Mandya-571448, Karnataka, India.
⁴Naveena Pai G, PG Student, VLSI Design and Embedded System, B.G.S. Institute of Technology, B.G. Nagar, Mandya-571448, Karnataka, India.
⁵Havyas. V.B, PG Student, VLSI Design and Embedded System, B.G.S. Institute of Technology, B.G.Nagar, Mandya-571448, Karnataka, India.
Manuscript received on June 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on June 15, 2013. | Manuscript published on June 25, 2013. | PP: 55-58 | Volume-1 Issue-8, June 2013. | Retrieval Number: H0351061813/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Reversible logic will be having more demand in future computation technology because of its zero power dissipation under ideal conditions. This paper proposes the fault tolerant carry skip adder/subtractor by using parity preserving reversible logic gates. According to the control logic input the proposed design can works as a carry skip adder or carry skip subtractor.
Keywords: Reversible Logic Gates, Parity Preserving reversible Logic Gates, Full Adder/Subtractor, Parallel Adder/Subtractor, Carry Skip Adder/Subtractor

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H0349061813

IJESE Journal — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 05:00:23 +0000

Proportioning of Fly Ash Concrete Mixes A Comprehensive Approach
M. N. Balakrishna¹, M. C. Nataraja²
¹M.N.Balakrishna, Research Student, Dept.of Civil Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore-570006, Karanataka, India
²M.C.Nataraja, Professor, Research Guide, Dept.of Civil Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore-570006, Karanataka, India.
Manuscript received on June 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on June 15, 2013. | Manuscript published on June 25, 2013. | PP: 46-51 | Volume-1 Issue-8, June 2013. | Retrieval Number: H0349061813/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The Concrete as a material synonymous with strength and longevity has emerged as the dominant construction material for the infrastructure needs of the 21st century. In addition to being durable, concrete is easily prepared and fabricated from readily available constituents and is therefore widely used in all types of structural systems. However, the environmental drawbacks of cement production have come under increased scrutiny as expanding industrialization and urbanization fuel the accelerated growth of infrastructure worldwide. As a consequence of that, Fly ash is one such supplementary cementing material which in turn more concern about environmental and cost-effective objectives. In this research investigation, the influencing factors of Fly ash and Cement to arrive at appropriate combinations so to satisfy the requirement of placement, development of strength with age has been examined. Also in this investigation that, the applicability of Generalized Abrams law [1] developed for single cementing materials has been examined to two components like Cement and Fly ash. In addition to that, with the determination of workability and strength of trail mix at different ages, how adjustments can be made in water/cementitious ratio in order to arrive at matching micro-structure in hardened states, so as to result in strength development of Fly ash cement concrete mixes, in turn to obtain identical strength levels are to be investigated. Analysis of experimental data reveals that even with high grade of cement, Fly ash admixture could not be effective despite the fineness requirement is satisfied provided if carbon content is high. On the contrary if Fly ash satisfies fineness consideration without unburnt carbon, the development of strength could not approach as that of normal concrete at later ages provided when the grade of cement is not high enough such as 53 grade of cement. Thus finally in order to achieve judicious combinations of Fly ash and Cement in concrete mixes, its very essential to satisfy the requirement of cementitious materials like grade of cement, fineness of Fly ash with very low unburnt carbon content.
Keywords: Fly ash, Mix proportioning; Cementitious materials; Fineness; Grade of concrete; Age of Concrete; Compressive strength.

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G0303051713

IJESE Journal — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 04:56:38 +0000

Alternative Fuels for IC Engines
Y. Y. Nandurkar¹, S. S Akant², S.L.Bankar³, R.G.Bodkhe⁴
¹Yogesh Y .Nandurkar, Mechanical Engineering Department, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India.
²Sunil S.Akant, Mechanical Engineering Department, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering ,Nagpur, India.
³Sanjeev L. Bankar, Mechanical Engineering Department, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering ,Nagpur, India . ⁴Rajesh J.Bodkhe, Mechanical Engineering Department, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering ,Nagpur, India.
Manuscript received on June 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on June 15, 2013. | Manuscript published on June 25, 2013. | PP: 39-45 | Volume-1 Issue-8, June 2013. | Retrieval Number: G0303051713/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The main purpose of fuel is to store energy, which should be in a stable form and can be easily transported to the place of production. Almost all fuels are chemical fuels. We as a user use this fuel to perform mechanical work, such as powering an engine. The historical and the present- day civilization are closely interwoven with energy and in future, our existence will be more dependent upon energy. The conventional sources of energy, the single most important pre-requisite for power generation, are depleting fast. The world is heading towards a global energy crisis mostly due to running out of these energy sources; decreasing the dependency on fossil fuels is recommended. Yet, the sources of energy are infinite. The greatest task today is to exploit the non-conventional energy resources for power generation. Alternative energy sources provide many benefits. Renewable energy development can create quality jobs and promote economic development, especially in rural areas. If used to diversify utility resource portfolios, alternative energy technologies can provide a hedge against rising fuel prices and can be valuable risk management tools.
Keywords: The historical and the present- day civilization are closely interwoven with energy and in future, our existence will be more dependent upon energy.

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H0348061813

IJESE Journal — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 04:34:48 +0000

Nonlinear Observer Design for Chaotic Systems Synchronization with Known or Unknown Parameters
Sonia Hammami
Dr. Sonia Hammami, Engineering Sciences and Techniques, El Manar Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies, Tunisia.
Manuscript received on June 11, 2013. | Revised Manuscript received on June 15, 2013. | Manuscript published on June 25, 2013. | PP: 32-38 | Volume-1 Issue-8, June 2013. | Retrieval Number: H0348061813/2013©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper deals with the nonlinear observer-based synchronization problem for coupled chaotic systems. At the outset, complete synchronization conditions of coupled chaotic systems for known master and slave systems parameters, is provided. The active control law developed is based on the use of aggregation techniques for error dynamics stability study and the arrow form matrix for systems description. Then, by the design of an adequate nonlinear state observer, a new synchronization scheme is formulated for two identical chaotic systems. As a final point, the proposed observer-based synchronization between two nearly identical chaotic systems with unknown parameters is carried out. Numerical simulations are presented to assess the performance and the efficiency of the proposed contributions.
Keywords: Aggregation techniques, Arrow form matrix, Chaotic systems, Synchronization, Nonlinear observer, Unknown parameters.

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